31Apart from the Remote Village Electrification Programmes, rural energy is covered by two more programmes, namely theNational Biogas and Manure Management Programme and the Integrated Rural Energy Programme.5.2National Biogas and Manure Management ProgrammeThe Ministry continued to implement the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) - a modified versionof the Ninth Plan Scheme - the National Project on Biogas Development (NPBD). Implementation of these programmes isdependent upon rural entrepreneurs and State nodal departments.5.2.2Biogas is an important source of renewable energy derived from organic materials/ wastes such as cattle dung, humanwaste, etc. which is collected and piped for use as fuel. The left over digested slurry is used an enriched manure in agriculturallands and for pisciculture.5.2.3Biogas which contains about 55 to 65 per cent methane can also be used for substituting diesel oil up to 80 per centin dual-fuel engines for motive power and when attached with alternators for generation of electricity.5.2.4The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has been promoting family type biogas plants since 1981-82 withthe objectives: (i) to provide clean and affordable source of biogas energy; (ii) to produce and use enriched organic manureand develop management systems for value added products; (iii) to improve sanitation in villages by linking sanitary toiletswith biogas plants; and (iv) to mitigate drudgery of women and girl children and generate employment in rural areas.5.2.5Approved ModelsPopular and approved models of biogas plants are: (i) floating gasholder type, popularly called “Indian or KVIC (Khadiand Village Industries Commission) Model” and (ii) fixed dome type, commonly known as “Deenbandhu Model”. Inaddition, low cost fixed dome digesters made of alternate construction materials, namely pre-fabricated ferro-cement orreinforced cement and also in situ built ferro-cement are being promoted.5.2.6Achievement vis-à-vis targetA cumulative total of over 37.75 lakh plants have been set up in the country against a theoretical potential of about 120 lakhplants. State-wise potential and cumulative achievement are given in Table-5.1. The target for 2005-06 has been enhancedfrom 25,000 plants to 66,000 plants at Revised Estimate 2005-06 stage. A total of 33,700 plants have been set up till December2005. State-wise and agency-wise revised targets and achievements for 2005-06 are given in Table-5.1.5.2.7ImplementationState nodal departments and agencies and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) are involved in implementionwho in turn, are involving several grassroot level voluntary agencies and self-employed trained workers for setting up biogasplants and providing maintenance support. Village panchayats and local bodies, such as Mahila Mandal and Yuvak Kendraare also associated with organization of awareness camps and selection of villages and beneficiaries in many States. Theprogramme is implemented in a cluster village approach. Initiatives taken in the past years, such as, demarcation of area ofoperation for each agency, sharing of lists of beneficiaries among different agencies, maintaining database of village-wisebeneficiaries, embossing identification marks on each plant and fixing of photographs of beneficiaries in subsidy disbursementrecords have had positive impact.Biogas plant in use in District Thrissur, KeralaDeenbandhu Model Biogas plant under construction in a village in Karnataka
